Reducing Carbon Emissions in The Fashion And Textile Industry Through Sustainable Practices and Recycling: A Path Towards A Circular, Low-Carbon Future

Abstract

The fashion and textile industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. While sustainable fashion initiatives have gained momentum in recent years, the industry continues to face challenges in achieving widespread adoption of environmentally responsible practices. This study conducts a systematic literature review of 92 peer-reviewed articles following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to examine consumer behavior, eco-labeling effectiveness, fast versus slow fashion consumption, psychological influences, and the role of brands in promoting sustainability. The findings reveal a persistent attitude-behavior gap, where increased consumer awareness of sustainability issues does not consistently translate into sustainable purchasing behavior due to factors such as affordability, accessibility, and skepticism towards corporate green claims. While eco-labeling and green marketing strategies can positively influence consumer preferences, their effectiveness is often diminished by consumer confusion and distrust stemming from greenwashing practices and an overwhelming number of certification schemes. The study also highlights the continued dominance of fast fashion, driven by low prices, rapid trend cycles, and social media influence, making it difficult for slow fashion models to compete. Psychological factors such as social identity, peer influence, and perceived behavioral control emerge as significant determinants of sustainable fashion choices, emphasizing that social and emotional motivators play a key role in shaping consumer behavior. Additionally, while fashion brands have the potential to educate consumers on sustainability, the study finds that a lack of regulatory oversight and standardized sustainability benchmarks undermines consumer trust, limiting the impact of brand-led sustainability initiatives. The review underscores the need for a multi-faceted approach to drive meaningful change, including stronger regulatory frameworks, enhanced consumer education, economic incentives, and greater industry transparency. The transition toward sustainable fashion consumption requires a collective effort from policymakers, brands, and consumers to create a system where sustainability is both a viable and desirable option. This study contributes to the growing body of literature by synthesizing key trends, challenges, and opportunities in sustainable fashion, providing insights that can inform future research and policy interventions aimed at fostering a more sustainable textile industry.